How Viagra may help us.

Viagra: uses

Viagra is used to treat male sexual function problems ( impotence or erectile dysfunction ) by blocking a certain enzyme ( phosphodiesterase-PDE5 ) in the body. In combination with sexual stimulation, Viagra works by helping blood flow into penis to achieve and maintain an erection.

Viagra is not indicated for use in women.

Use of Viagra doesn't protect against sexually transmitted diseases ( e. g. , HIV, hepatitis B, gonorrhea, syphilis ) . Practice " safe sex " such as using latex condoms. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.

Viagra: how to use

Viagra is taken by mouth as needed, at least 30 minutes, but no more than 4 hours, before sexual activity ( 1 hour before is most effective ) . Do not take more often than once daily, and take as directed.

A high fat meal may delay the time of onset of this drug.

Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while we are being treated with Viagra unless your doctor instructs you otherwise.

The dosage is based on your medical condition, response to therapy, and other medications we may be taking ( see also Drug Interactions section ) . Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.

Viagra: side effects

Headache, flushing, stomach upset, heartburn, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea, dizziness, or lightheadedness may occur while use Viagra. Vision changes such as increased sensitivity to light, blurred vision, or impaired blue/green color discrimination may also occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that your doctor has prescribed Viagra because he or she has judged that benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using Viagra don't have serious side effects.

Rarely, a sudden loss of eyesight in one or both eyes ( NAION ) may occur while use Viagra. This may or mayn't be due to Viagra. If this serious problem occurs, seek immediate medical attention. We have a slightly greater chance of developing this serious eye problem if you have heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, certain eye problems ( " crowded disk " ) , high blood pressure, are over 50 years of age, or if we smoke.

Sexual activity may put extra strain on your heart, especially if we have heart problems. If we have heart problems and experience any of these serious side effects while having sex, stop and tell your doctor immediately of:

For males, in very unlikely event we have a painful or prolonged erection lasting 4 or more hours, stop using Viagra and seek immediate medical attention, or permanent problems could occur.

Rarely, Viagra may cause sudden hearing problems, or ringing in ears. Seek immediate medical attention if these effects occur.

A serious allergic reaction to Viagra is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction include:

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Viagra: precautions

Before taking Viagra, tell your doctor or pharmacist if we are allergic to it; or if we have any other allergies.

Before using Viagra, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of:

Viagra may make we dizzy or cause vision changes; use caution engaging in activities requiring alertness such as driving or using machinery. Limit alcoholic beverages.

To minimize dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a seated or lying position.

Do not take Viagra with any other product that contains Viagra or other similar medications for erection problems ( e. g. , tadalafil, vardenafil ) .

Caution is advised when using Viagra in the elderly because they may be more sensitive to side effects of drug.

Viagra isn't indicated for use in women or children.

Viagra: interactions

Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring we for them. Don't start, stop, or change dosage of any medicine before checking with them first.

See also How To Use section for drug-food interactions.

Viagra shouldn't be used with following medications because very serious ( possibly fatal ) interactions may occur:

If we are currently using any of these medications, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting Viagra.

Before using Viagra, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription products you may use, especially of:

If you're taking an HIV protease inhibitor ( e. g. , ritonavir, saquinavir ) , don't take more than a 25mg dose of Viagra in a 48 hour period.

If we are taking more than a 25mg dose of Viagra and are also taking an alpha-blocker medication ( e. g. , doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin ) for various conditions ( e. g. , enlarged prostate ) , separate time between taking these medications by more than 4 hours.

This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using Viagra, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products we use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share list with your doctor and pharmacist.

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Study Of Genes That Control Emotion Aided By Mating Mice

A study published in open-access journal PLoS ONE reports that during sexual interactions with female mice, male mice emit high-frequency sounds. Researcher Haoran Wang ( University of Toronto ) and colleagues found that vocalizations are linked to approach behaviors and genes that are in charge of positive emotions. It has long been known in scientific community that emotions and other personality traits and disorders are correlated across family members. However, it's not easy to find out which genes are crucial in controlling emotions. Since humans and mice have similar numbers of genes, mice are useful in studying human genetic behavior. One specific advantage of mice is that their genes can be added or deleted, and researchers have analyzing mouse behaviors to establish associations between genes with complex behaviors. The researchers from University of Toronto and Northwestern University in Chicago used number and density of different male and female vocalizations to index emotional responses of mice. Inaudible to humans, these high-frequency calls are measured using special microphones and computer programs. Males often made simple whistles or modulated calls before mounting females ( in courtship phase ) . However, the vocalizations shifted to more complex " chirp-like " calls after mounting. As intensity increased during this phase, the sounds increased in number and became more complex. When single genes related to neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine were deleted, the researchers found a significant reduction of male calls. Both of these neurotransmitters are important for emotional expression in humans and rats. Specifically, deleting the M5 and M2 acetylcholine receptor genes reduced the number of male vocalizations. Additionally, duration, frequency, and bandwidth of calls changed after M2 and M5 receptor deletion. Contrarily, mutations in the M4 muscarinic receptor and D2 dopamine receptor weren't associated with a change in number of vocalizations. Mutations in D2 dopamine receptor, however, were found to change length of calls. Wang notes that, " This work has supported theory, proposed by Jeffrey Burgdorf and Jaak Pansepp, that 50-kHz calls reflect positive affect in rats, and extended that theory to higher-frequency mouse calls. " The investigators also noted a role for dopamine by finding that the street drug amphetamine activates the brain dopamine system and induces a " chirp-like " call at very low doses. However, male mice that did not have the M5 receptor gene - important for activating dopamine neurons - didn't manifest chirp. Wang and colleagues conclude by positing that their results offer a new way to screen for emotion genes and to develop drugs for controlling emotions, drug abuse and mood disorders. Ultrasonic Vocalizations Induced by Sex and Amphetamine in M2, M4, M5 Muscarinic and D2 Dopamine Receptor Knockout Mice Wang H, Liang S, Burgdorf J, Wess J, Yeomans J. PLoS ONE ( 2008 ) . 3 ( 4 ) : e1893. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0001893 Click Here to View Article About PLoS ONE PLoS ONE is the first journal of primary research from all areas of science to employ both pre- and post-publication peer review to maximize the impact of every report it publishes. PLoS ONE is published by the Public Library of Science ( PLoS ) , Open-access publisher whose goal is to make world's scientific and medical literature a public resource. About Public Library of Science The Public Library of Science ( PLoS ) is a non-profit organization of scientists and physicians committed to making the world's scientific and medical literature a freely available public resource. For more information, visit http: //www. plos. org Written by: Peter M Crosta Copyright: Medical News Today Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

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